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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[STATE OF NONALLERGIC HYPERSENSITIVITY UNDER THE EXPOSURE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS].

Gigiena i sanitariia·2016
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[Scientific substantiation of perfection of sanitary bacteriological monitoring in drinking water use].

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[Nonallergic hypersensitivity to environmental factors].

Iu A Rakhmanin, V N Fedoseeva, A K Makovetskaia

    Gigiena I Sanitariia
    |December 18, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Non-allergic hypersensitivity to environmental chemicals is common. Research into its mechanisms is needed to prevent widespread hypersensitivity and protect public health.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Toxicology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Growing prevalence of non-allergic hypersensitivity to environmental chemicals.
    • Current understanding lacks detailed mechanistic insights.
    • Need for precise terminology, distinguishing from allergic sensitization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate the mechanisms underlying non-allergic hypersensitivity to chemical environmental factors.
    • Clarify the terminology by differentiating from allergic sensitization.
    • Inform strategies to reduce hypersensitivity development in the population.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on hypersensitivity mechanisms.
    • Analysis of epidemiological data on chemical exposures.
    • Comparative study of immunological vs. non-immunological responses.

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    Main Results:

    • Non-allergic hypersensitivity mechanisms require further elucidation.
    • The term "chemical sensitization" is potentially misleading and should be replaced by "non-allergic hypersensitivity."
    • Understanding these mechanisms can guide preventative measures.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research into non-allergic hypersensitivity is crucial.
    • Accurate terminology is essential for scientific clarity.
    • This research aims to mitigate the public health burden of hypersensitivity.