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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

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DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

20
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

22
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury
05:01

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 16, 2019

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Neurotrauma - a multidisciplinary disease.

M H Wilson1, A G Kolias, P J Hutchinson

  • 1The Traumatic Brain Injury Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; London's Air Ambulance, The Helipad, The Royal London Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; The British Neurotrauma Group, The Society of British Neurosurgeons, Royal College of Surgeons, London, UK.

International Journal of Clinical Practice
|December 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) significantly impacts health and the economy. Public health policies and multidisciplinary care are crucial for reducing TBI incidence and improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Trauma Surgery

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major global health challenge.
  • High rates of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden are associated with TBI.
  • Effective strategies for TBI prevention and management are urgently needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of public health policy in TBI incidence reduction.
  • To emphasize the importance of integrated, multidisciplinary clinical care for TBI patients.
  • To underscore the need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate TBI's impact.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review and synthesis of current knowledge on TBI.
  • It examines existing public health strategies and clinical care models.
  • Analysis focuses on policy implications and care integration.

Main Results:

  • Public health interventions are essential for primary prevention of TBI.
  • Multidisciplinary care pathways significantly improve patient survival and reduce long-term disability.
  • Integrated care models demonstrate enhanced efficiency and effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing robust public health policies is paramount to decreasing TBI occurrence.
  • Advanced, multidisciplinary clinical management is vital for optimizing TBI patient recovery.
  • A combined approach of policy and integrated care is key to addressing the TBI epidemic.