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Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry

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Published on: December 9, 2025

Comparison between clinical and digital soft tissue measurements.

D Schneider¹, A Ender, T Truninger

¹Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry : Official Publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [Et Al.]

|December 18, 2013

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Digital measurements of gingival recession and papilla height on virtual models show improved accuracy. This examiner-independent technique enhances data quality in periodontal research and clinical treatment analysis.

Area of Science:

Periodontology
Dental Imaging
Biometrics

Background:

Periodontal probes can lead to measurement errors in assessing gingival recession and papilla height.
Conventional clinical and cast model measurements may exhibit significant intrarater and interrater variability.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of digital measurements of gingival recession and papilla height using virtual jaw models.
To test the hypothesis that digital methods reduce measurement variability compared to traditional techniques.

Main Methods:

Five examiners measured gingival recessions and papilla heights at 30 sites using four methods: intraoral probe, caliper on cast models, digital intraoral scans, and scanned cast models.
Measurements were repeated after one week to analyze intraclass, intrarater, and interrater correlations.

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Main Results:

Digital measurements (intraoral scans and scanned cast models) demonstrated the best agreement between repeated measurements.
Gingival recessions were less reliably measured than papillae, with the periodontal probe (method A) yielding the highest values for recession.
Method D (scanned cast models) resulted in increased papilla height values compared to clinical evaluations.

Conclusions:

Digital technologies, including intraoral scanning and scanning of cast models, significantly improve the reproducibility of measurements.
These digital methods lower measurement variance within individuals and between different investigators, offering a more reliable technique.
An examiner-independent technique for soft tissue architecture measurement can enhance data quality in periodontal research and treatment analysis.