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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies
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Approaching pre-diabetes.

Leigh Perreault1, Kristine Færch2

  • 1University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
|December 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pre-diabetes, a state between normal glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes, affects many globally. Early intervention is crucial to prevent progression to diabetes and reduce vascular complications.

Keywords:
Impaired fasting glucoseImpaired glucose tolerance

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing, necessitating a re-evaluation of pre-diabetes management.
  • Pre-diabetes encompasses dysglycemic states between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, with a high likelihood of progression to type 2 diabetes.
  • Individuals with pre-diabetes exhibit increased micro- and macrovascular disease risk compared to normoglycemic individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the global burden of pre-diabetes.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology underlying pre-diabetes.
  • To review clinical considerations for managing individuals with pre-diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on pre-diabetes.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on pre-diabetes prevalence.
  • Discussion of pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Pre-diabetes is a significant public health concern with a high risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.
  • Pathophysiological factors contributing to pre-diabetes are complex and multifactorial.
  • Clinical interventions aim to achieve normal glucose regulation and mitigate long-term complications.

Conclusions:

  • Reversing the diabetes epidemic requires effective strategies for pre-diabetes screening, diagnosis, and intervention.
  • Normal glucose regulation should be the primary goal for individuals with pre-diabetes.
  • Addressing pre-diabetes is critical for preventing diabetes and its associated vascular diseases.