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Related Concept Videos

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

An Efficient and Simple Method to Establish NK and T Cell Lines from Patients with Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
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Epstein-Barr virus-associated cholestatic hepatitis.

Inês Salva1, Inês Vaz Silva, Florbela Cunha

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal.

BMJ Case Reports
|December 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epstein-Barr virus can cause cholestatic hepatitis in children, a rare but serious condition. Early consideration of EBV is crucial for accurate diagnosis and avoiding unnecessary tests.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly causes infectious mononucleosis in children, typically with mild hepatitis.
  • Cholestasis is an uncommon presentation of EBV infection in pediatric populations, unlike in adults where it is more frequent.

Observation:

  • A 6-year-old boy presented with fever, vomiting, choluria, hepatomegaly, and jaundice.
  • Laboratory results indicated elevated transaminases, hyperbilirubinemia with direct hyperbilirubinemia, and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggestive of cholestasis.
  • Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatomegaly, and serological tests confirmed acute Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Findings:

  • The case highlights a rare presentation of Epstein-Barr virus infection manifesting as cholestatic hepatitis in a pediatric patient.

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  • Diagnostic workup excluded other viral etiologies, strengthening the association with EBV.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of including Epstein-Barr virus in the differential diagnosis for pediatric cholestatic hepatitis.
    • Prompt recognition of EBV-induced cholestasis can prevent extensive and potentially unnecessary investigations for other causes of liver dysfunction.