Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
09:06
The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
Published on: June 7, 2020
7.4K
Municipal solid waste shear strength parameters defined through laboratorial and in situ tests
Cristina Gomes1, M Lurdes Lopes2, Paulo J Venda Oliveira3
1Department of Civil Engineering of Lusíada University and COBA, S.A., Lisboa, Portugal. ccg.cristinagomes@gmail.com
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|December 19, 2013
Summary
This study determined municipal solid waste shear strength using lab and in situ tests. Older waste showed increased frictional resistance and higher penetration resistance, with a power function correlating SPT data to friction angles.
Area of Science:
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Environmental Engineering
- Waste Management
Background:
- Understanding the shear strength of municipal solid waste (MSW) is crucial for landfill stability and design.
- Previous research has explored MSW properties, but comprehensive in situ and laboratory correlations are still developing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the shear strength parameters of MSW through laboratory and in situ testing.
- To investigate the influence of strain levels, waste composition, and age on MSW shear strength.
- To establish correlations between Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) results and estimate MSW friction angles.
Main Methods:
- Laboratory triaxial tests were conducted to determine shear strength parameters.
- In situ Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) were performed at the Santo Tirso landfill.
- Waste aging effects were analyzed by examining changes in material composition (organic, inert, fine fraction).
Main Results:
- Waste aging, characterized by reduced organic/fibrous content and increased inert/fine fraction, resulted in higher frictional resistance and lower cohesion.
- SPT and CPT tests revealed increased penetration resistance with waste age and depth.
- An empirical power function relationship was identified for estimating MSW friction angles from SPT results, dependent on strain level.
Conclusions:
- Waste aging significantly alters MSW shear strength parameters, increasing friction and decreasing cohesion.
- In situ tests (SPT, CPT) provide valuable data on waste resistance, correlating with age and depth.
- The developed empirical relationship offers a method for estimating MSW friction angles using SPT data, aiding in geotechnical assessments.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Strength of Cement
910
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
910
01:18Mechanical Characteristics of Steel
939
The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...
939
01:20Slump Test
1.7K
The slump test is a widely used method to measure the workability of concrete. It employs a 12-inch high truncated cone mold that tapers from eight inches at the base to four inches at the top. Before testing, the mold is securely attached to a flat base and dampened.
Concrete is poured into the mold in three layers to conduct the test. Each layer is compacted 25 times with a steel tamping rod, which has a five-eighths-inch diameter and a rounded end, to ensure even distribution and eliminate...
Concrete is poured into the mold in three layers to conduct the test. Each layer is compacted 25 times with a steel tamping rod, which has a five-eighths-inch diameter and a rounded end, to ensure even distribution and eliminate...
1.7K
01:22Design Consideration
680
Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key...
The factor of safety is another key...
680
01:25Yield Criteria for Ductile Materials under Plane Stress
836
In designing structural elements and machine parts using ductile materials, it is crucial to ensure that these components withstand applied stresses without yielding. Yielding is initially determined through a tensile test, which evaluates the material's response to uniaxial stress. However, tensile stress is insufficient when components face biaxial or plane stress conditions This condition requires advanced criteria to predict failure.
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
The Maximum Shearing Stress Criterion, also known as...
836
01:22Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate
1.1K
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
1.1K