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Related Concept Videos

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation
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Antenatal hypnosis training and childbirth experience: a randomized controlled trial.

Anette Werner1, Niels Uldbjerg, Robert Zachariae

  • 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark.

Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A brief antenatal course in self-hypnosis significantly improved the childbirth experience for women. This intervention led to better outcomes compared to relaxation techniques or usual antenatal care.

Keywords:
antenatal trainingchildbirthchildbirth experiencehypnosisrelaxation

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Psychosomatic Medicine
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Childbirth is a significant life event for women.
  • Antenatal preparation is crucial for managing childbirth.
  • Exploring non-pharmacological methods to enhance the childbirth experience is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of antenatal self-hypnosis training on the childbirth experience.
  • To compare self-hypnosis with relaxation techniques and usual care.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 1,222 healthy nulliparous women.
  • Three groups: self-hypnosis, relaxation/mindfulness, and usual care.
  • Childbirth experience assessed using the Wijmas Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) postpartum.

Main Results:

  • Women in the self-hypnosis group reported a significantly better childbirth experience (mean W-DEQ score 42.9) compared to the relaxation (47.2) and usual care (47.5) groups (p=0.01).
  • Positive effects of self-hypnosis were observed across subgroups, including mode of delivery and fear levels.

Conclusions:

  • A brief antenatal course in self-hypnosis is an effective intervention for improving the childbirth experience.
  • Self-hypnosis offers a valuable, evidence-based approach to enhance maternal well-being during childbirth.