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Related Concept Videos

Asthma I: Introduction01:28

Asthma I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Epigenetics in asthma and allergy.

Michael Kabesch1

  • 1aHannover Medical School, Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover, Member of the German Lung Research Center bDepartment of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, KUNO University Children's Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic changes, like DNA methylation, are increasingly linked to asthma and allergies. Early research shows environmental factors influence these changes, impacting disease development in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epigenetics
  • Molecular mechanisms of asthma and allergy

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA) regulate gene transcription and genome accessibility.
  • These mechanisms are heritable and respond to environmental cues.
  • Emerging evidence implicates epigenetics in the pathogenesis of allergy and asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in asthma and allergy epigenetics.
  • To focus on the role of DNA methylation in these conditions.
  • To highlight findings from initial patient methylation pattern studies.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of recent developments in the field.
  • Focus on DNA methylation studies in asthma and allergy.
  • Inclusion of pilot studies investigating methylation patterns in patients.

Main Results:

  • Pilot studies reveal differences in DNA methylation patterns in asthma and allergy patients.
  • Environmental exposures, including prenatal smoke and farming, appear to affect methylation.
  • Asthma status is associated with altered DNA methylation in early childhood.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary population data suggest DNA methylation differences are involved in asthma and allergy.
  • The precise impact of epigenetic mechanisms on disease development requires further investigation.
  • Continued research is needed to fully elucidate the role of epigenetics in allergic diseases.