Satisfaction, early removal, and side effects associated with long-acting reversible contraception

Although intrauterine devices (IUDs) and subdermal implants (SDI) are recommended as first-line contraception for the majority of women by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, these methods of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) are underutilized. Some concerns regarding their use include cost of placement, side effects, and perception of frequent early removal. This study evaluated satisfaction with LARC, frequency, and reasons behind early removal in a family medicine setting.

Women > 18 years seen for placement of removal of an IUD or SDI were identified from billing data and surveyed via telephone to determine satisfaction and side effects with LARC. Additional demographic information was extracted from the electronic health record.

Of the 132 respondents (response rate 61.4%), 58.3% had IUDs and 41.7% had SDIs placed. Early removal occurred in 24.2% of women, and 72.7% were satisfied with their contraceptive choice. Younger and nulliparous women were more likely to have an SDI placed, whereas older and multiparous women chose the IUD. Younger nulliparous women were less likely to have LARC removed early. Pain (more commonly reported with the IUD) and increased frequency in bleeding (more commonly reported with the SDI) were associated with early removal rates.

Most women who received LARC were satisfied with their contraceptive choice, and only one in four had the LARC removed early. This is significantly better than continuation rates with other contraceptive methods. Younger, nulliparous women were good candidates for LARC, continuing their use more than older, multiparous women. Improved counseling regarding pain and changes in menstrual bleeding patterns may impact early removal of IUDs and SDIs, respectively.