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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Determination01:51

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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An Efficient Method for Directed Hepatocyte-Like Cell Induction from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Ready, set, differentiate!

Margarida Sancho1, Tristan A Rodríguez

  • 1Margarida Sancho is in the British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

Elife
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

E-Cadherin, a key cell adhesion protein, controls the start of embryonic differentiation. This protein

Keywords:
BMPCdh1Id1Pluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cell adhesion is crucial for multicellular organism development.
  • E-Cadherin is a well-established protein mediating cell-cell adhesion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory role of E-Cadherin expression in embryonic differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of E-Cadherin expression patterns during early embryonic development.
  • Functional studies assessing the impact of altered E-Cadherin levels on differentiation.

Main Results:

  • E-Cadherin expression levels correlate with the initiation of embryonic differentiation.
  • Modulating E-Cadherin affects the timing and progression of differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • E-Cadherin expression is a critical regulator of the onset of embryonic differentiation.
  • Understanding E-Cadherin's role provides insights into developmental processes.