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Interferon alpha association with neuromyelitis optica.

Nasrin Asgari1, Anne Voss2, Troels Steenstrup3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark ; Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloewsvej 19,3, 5000 Odense C, Denmark ; Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 29 Sdr. Boulevard, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.

Clinical & Developmental Immunology
|December 19, 2013
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Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) was found more frequently in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients, particularly during relapses. Elevated IFN-α levels correlated with increased disability in NMO, suggesting its role in disease activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmune inflammatory diseases

Background:

  • Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) exhibits immunoregulatory functions.
  • Its role in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the occurrence of IFN-α in patients with NMO.
  • To investigate the clinical consequences and disease activity associated with IFN-α in NMO.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 36 NMO and 41 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • IFN-α levels measured by ELISA; disease activity assessed by EDSS and MRI.
  • Linear regression analyzed the association between IFN-α levels and disability (EDSS).

Main Results:

  • IFN-α was detected in 9/36 NMO patients, significantly more than in 2/41 MS patients (P=0.0197).
  • Higher IFN-α frequency observed in NMO patients during relapse versus remission (P<0.001) and relapsing MS patients (P=0.010).
  • In NMO patients, IFN-α levels significantly correlated with EDSS scores (P=0.0062).

Conclusions:

  • IFN-α is detectable in a subset of NMO patients.
  • Association of IFN-α with clinical disease activity and severity suggests a role in NMO perpetuation.
  • This may explain potential negative effects of IFN-α treatment in NMO.