Multicystic dysplastic kidney complicated by pyelonephritis.

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urology
• Medical Case Reports

Background:

• Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital condition affecting 1 in 4300 live births, characterized by non-functional kidneys with multiple cysts.
• MCDK typically presents unilaterally, most often in the left kidney, and is defined by the absence of normal renal parenchyma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of pyelonephritis complicating multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK).
• To highlight the unusual occurrence of infection in a non-functional dysplastic kidney.

Main Methods:

• A case study of a 21-year-old female with a history of MCDK.
• Clinical presentation including flank pain, dysuria, and fever.
• Diagnostic workup involving urinalysis, urine culture, and CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with symptoms indicative of a urinary tract infection, with urinalysis and urine culture confirming Escherichia coli infection.
• CT scan revealed findings consistent with MCDK in the left kidney and perinephric stranding, suggesting inflammation.
• The patient was treated with Levofloxacin.

Conclusions:

• Infections involving the MCDK itself, such as pyelonephritis, are exceptionally rare in medical literature.
• This case underscores the possibility of pyelonephritis in patients with MCDK, despite its rarity.