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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

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Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
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Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
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A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research

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My experience learning about autism.

Daniel A Rossignol1

  • 1Rossignol Medical Center, Irvine, California, United States.

Global Advances in Health and Medicine
|December 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This personal account details the early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a child, including developmental delays and gastrointestinal issues. Early identification and diagnosis of ASD are crucial for intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Early recognition of developmental differences is vital for timely intervention.

Observation:

  • The author recounts mistaking 'autistic' for 'artistic' in childhood.
  • Concerns about a child's development arose around 11 months of age.
  • Noted early signs included lack of name response, repetitive behaviors (spinning objects), inappropriate play, delayed language and motor skills, and significant gastrointestinal problems.

Findings:

  • The child exhibited multiple core characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorder.
  • Gastrointestinal issues, such as reflux and chronic diarrhea, were also prominent early symptoms.
Keywords:
Autismbiomedicalcerebral folate deficiencymetabolismmitochondrial dysfunctiontreatment

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Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of parental observation and professional evaluation in diagnosing developmental disorders.
  • Timely diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder enables access to necessary therapies and support.
  • Understanding the diverse early presentations of ASD is critical for healthcare providers and families.