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DiAs user interface: a patient-centric interface for mobile artificial pancreas systems.

Patrick Keith-Hynes1, Stephanie Guerlain, Benton Mize

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Adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus successfully managed an artificial pancreas (AP) system using a smartphone interface. This patient-centric mobile system, Diabetes Assistant (DiAs), proved effective in outpatient settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • In-hospital artificial pancreas (AP) studies show improved glycemic control for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • Transitional outpatient trials with patient-controlled mobile AP systems are the next developmental phase.
  • This study introduces the Diabetes Assistant (DiAs) smartphone-based AP user interface (UI) and user feedback.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the user interface (UI) of the Diabetes Assistant (DiAs) mobile AP system.
  • To describe user reactions to the DiAs UI through focus groups.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone-based AP system for outpatient T1DM management.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a touch-based graphical UI for a smartphone.
  • Conducted heuristic expert analysis with a human factors specialist.
  • Performed formative evaluation via three focus groups with 13 potential users.

Main Results:

  • The DiAs UI was refined based on user feedback from focus groups.
  • The DiAs system was utilized in outpatient AP studies across the US and Europe.
  • 40 subjects used DiAs for 2400 hours without adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • Adult T1DM patients can effectively control an AP system via a patient-centric smartphone UI.
  • The DiAs system demonstrates successful application in transitional outpatient environments.
  • Smartphone-based AP systems offer a viable solution for T1DM management outside clinical settings.