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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

687
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
687
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

35
Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
21
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

35
Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Dementia: What is it All About?

O P Almeida1

  • 1University of Western Australia & Royal Perth Hospital; Crawley, Perth, Australia - osvaldo.almeida@uwa.edu.au.

The Neuroradiology Journal
|December 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers dementia, a syndrome of cognitive decline and functional deterioration. It details Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia, focusing on clinical, pathophysiological, and neuroimaging features.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Dementia is a growing clinical challenge, marked by cognitive deficits, behavioral changes, and functional decline.
  • Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia constitute the majority (2/3) of all dementia cases.
  • Less common forms include dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of four prevalent causes of dementia.
  • To elucidate the clinical, pathophysiological, and neuroimaging characteristics of these dementia subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies.
  • Synthesis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of neuroimaging findings.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of clinical presentations for each dementia type.
  • Explanation of underlying pathological processes.
  • Overview of characteristic neuroimaging biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the distinct features of these dementia types is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • This review consolidates key information on prevalent dementias for researchers and clinicians.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and neuroimaging may improve early detection and treatment strategies.