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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
1.2K
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

788
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
788
Increased pulse rate01:17

Increased pulse rate

1.6K
Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
Many factors can elevate the risk of developing tachycardia. These include advanced age, a family history of arrhythmias, and an...
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Automated Detection of Macro-Reentrant Atrial Tachycardia Circuits Using LAT-Derived Graph Networks.

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Sinus Rhythm Parameters in the Infarct Border Zone Are Useful to Assess Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia Inducibility.

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Activation signature valleys are predictive of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia bottlenecks where uniform low voltage and uniform slow conduction reside.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction
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Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Multipolar Catheter and 3-dimensional Mapping System for High-density Electro-anatomical Reconstruction

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Epicardial ventricular tachycardia.

Hasan Garan1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA. hg2017@columbia.edu.

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi : Turk Kardiyoloji Derneginin Yayin Organidir
|December 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) originates outside the heart's inner lining. Catheter ablation via a subxiphoid approach offers a non-surgical option for treating epicardial VT, with unique considerations for safety and efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT) can originate from the endocardium, mid-myocardium, or epicardium.
  • Epicardial VT incidence varies by heart disease, being higher in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies than ischemic heart disease.
  • Percutaneous subxiphoid access facilitates non-surgical catheter mapping and ablation of epicardial VT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and treatment of epicardial ventricular tachycardia.
  • To discuss the application of catheter ablation for epicardial VT.
  • To highlight the differences and precautions for epicardial ablation compared to endocardial ablation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electrocardiographic algorithms for identifying epicardial VT origin.

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  • Discussion of electrophysiologic mapping and catheter ablation techniques for epicardial VT.
  • Analysis of the biophysics of energy delivery and potential complications specific to the epicardial approach.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrocardiographic algorithms aid in recognizing epicardial VT.
    • Idiopathic epicardial VTs are rare but potentially curable with catheter ablation.
    • The epicardial approach requires specific precautions to protect adjacent structures and avoid tamponade.

    Conclusions:

    • Epicardial VT can be mapped and ablated using a percutaneous subxiphoid approach.
    • Understanding the distinct biophysics and potential complications is crucial for successful epicardial ablation.
    • This approach offers a viable non-surgical treatment for select cases of epicardial VT.