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Human enterovirus 71 uncoating captured at atomic resolution.

Ke Lyu1, Jie Ding, Jian-Feng Han

  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Journal of Virology
|December 20, 2013
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Summary

Structural analysis of Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) reveals key uncoating mechanisms. These findings illuminate how the virus releases its RNA genome, offering insights for developing treatments against hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD).

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Virology
  • Molecular mechanisms of viral uncoating

Background:

  • Human Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a primary cause of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in children.
  • Understanding EV71's life cycle, particularly its uncoating process, is crucial for developing antiviral therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the atomic structures of the EV71 full virion and an uncoating intermediate.
  • To elucidate the structural changes during EV71 uncoating and RNA release.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic structure determination of EV71 full virion and uncoating intermediate using X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy.
  • Comparative structural analysis to identify conformational changes during uncoating.

Main Results:

  • Identified drastic conformational changes in capsid proteins near the quasi-3-fold axis junction during uncoating.
  • Observed specific protein-RNA interactions at the bottom of the junction involving VP1 and VP3.
  • Revealed significant capsid rearrangements around the 2- and 5-fold axes, but not the 3-fold axis.

Conclusions:

  • The junction region and surrounding areas are critical "hot spots" for capsid rearrangements during EV71 uncoating.
  • A hypothesis is proposed that capsid opening at the junction and 2-fold axis facilitates the release of viral RNA.
  • This uncoating mechanism may be conserved across enteroviruses.