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Updated: May 4, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
Published on: June 6, 2025
Non-tumor necrosis factor-based biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: present, future, and insights into
Filipe Seguro Paula1, José Delgado Alves2
1Immunomediated Systemic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine 4, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal.
Abstract:
The way rheumatoid arthritis is treated has changed dramatically with the introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics. Nevertheless, many patients still have less than adequate control of their disease activity even with these therapeutic regimens, and current knowledge fails to explain all the data already gathered. There is now a wide range of drugs from different classes of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs available (and soon this number will increase significantly), that provides the opportunity to address each patient as a particular case and thereby optimize medical intervention. Currently available biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis apart from anti-TNF-based therapies are reviewed, along with an analysis of the new insights they provide into the pathogenesis of the disease and a discussion of future prospects in the area.
Insights
Biologic therapies, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs, have transformed rheumatoid arthritis treatment. However, many patients still require optimized therapies for better disease control, prompting a review of non-anti-TNF biologics.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment has advanced with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics.
- Despite advancements, many RA patients experience inadequate disease control with current therapies.
- Existing knowledge does not fully explain all observed treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review currently available biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for RA beyond anti-TNF therapies.
- To analyze new insights into RA pathogenesis provided by these biologics.
- To discuss future prospects in biologic RA treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of non-anti-TNF biologic therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Analysis of data on disease pathogenesis related to biologic interventions.
- Discussion of emerging treatment strategies and future directions.
Main Results:
- A wide range of biologic DMARDs from different classes are now available for RA.
- These therapies offer personalized treatment approaches for optimizing medical intervention.
- New biologics provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of RA.
Conclusions:
- The evolving landscape of biologic therapies offers improved options for RA management.
- Personalized medicine approaches are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes in RA.
- Continued research into RA pathogenesis and novel biologics is essential for future advancements.
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