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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

29
Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
29
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

30
The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
30
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

40
Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
40

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

796

Cervical total disc arthroplasty.

Rahul Basho1, Kenneth A Hood1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Riverside County Regional Medical Center, Moreno Valley, California.

Global Spine Journal
|December 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cervical disc arthroplasty aims to preserve motion and prevent adjacent segment degeneration. Current evidence suggests these devices are equivalent to fusion, with long-term data still needed.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Disorders

Background:

  • Symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration is a significant complication following cervical spine surgery.
  • Motion preservation technology, such as cervical disc arthroplasty, has emerged as an alternative to fusion.
  • The goal is to reduce stress on adjacent spinal segments by maintaining motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of cervical disc arthroplasty in preventing symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration.
  • To compare the outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty with traditional spinal fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of Food and Drug Administration Investigational Device Exemption trial results.
Keywords:
ACDFadjacent segmentcervical arthroplastycervical fusion

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Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
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Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
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796
Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
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  • Comparison of industry-sponsored and non-industry-sponsored study findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Early results show cervical disc arthroplasty is equivalent to spinal fusion.
    • Compelling evidence demonstrating superior outcomes for arthroplasty in preventing symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration is currently lacking.
    • Non-industry-sponsored studies corroborate the equivalence of arthroplasty and fusion regarding adjacent segment degeneration.

    Conclusions:

    • Cervical disc arthroplasty shows comparable results to spinal fusion in current studies.
    • Further long-term research is necessary to definitively ascertain the benefits of motion preservation devices.
    • The definitive impact of cervical disc arthroplasty on symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration requires extended follow-up.