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Related Concept Videos

Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

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Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is the combination of analytical techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in a single instrument for analyzing a mixture of compounds. The gas chromatograph separates the compounds in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer analyzes each compound separately to determine the molecular masses and molecular structures.
A gas chromatograph consists of a long, narrow capillary column with a polysiloxane coating on the inner wall....
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Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

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Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...
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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

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The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Methods development in multimodal chromatography with mobile phase modifiers using the steric mass action model.

Hanne Sophie Karkov, Lars Sejergaard, Steven M Cramer

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    Simple models accurately predict protein purification using steric mass action. This approach streamlines biopharmaceutical process development, saving time and resources for multimodal chromatography.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
    • Chromatographic Process Development
    • Protein Purification

    Background:

    • Predicting protein purification is crucial for efficiency in the biopharmaceutical industry.
    • Complex models exist, but simple models offer rapid process design, optimization, and risk analysis.
    • Multimodal chromatography presents unique challenges and opportunities for process optimization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To employ the steric mass action isotherm for predicting the chromatographic behavior of a multimodal anionic Capto adhere system.
    • To demonstrate that a minimal experimental protocol is sufficient for model establishment.
    • To validate model predictions and explore the selectivity of the multimodal system.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the steric mass action isotherm model.
    • Conducted a limited experimental protocol with a Capto adhere system.
    • Employed human insulin and bovine serum albumin as model proteins.
    • Varied mobile phase conditions to test model predictions.

    Main Results:

    • The steric mass action isotherm successfully predicted the chromatographic behavior of the Capto adhere system.
    • A few column experiments were sufficient to establish the model parameters.
    • Model predictions were verified under diverse experimental conditions.
    • The unique selectivity of the multimodal system was characterized and compared to traditional resins.

    Conclusions:

    • The steric mass action isotherm is a valuable and simple tool for predicting multimodal chromatography.
    • This model-based approach enables rapid process development and optimization in biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
    • The study highlights the utility of simple models for risk analysis and parameter range establishment.