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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

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Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance...
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Pulmonary Edema II: Pathophysiology01:18

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Pulmonary edema is the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial and alveolar spaces of the lungs, impairing gas exchange and oxygen delivery. It may be cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, but both reduce oxygenation and lung compliance.Cardiogenic Pulmonary EdemaCardiogenic edema results from increased hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries, usually due to left ventricular dysfunction from myocardial infarction, heart failure, or valvular disease. Ineffective cardiac pumping causes blood to...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Extralobar pulmonary sequestration: a case report.

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  • 1Sureyyapasa Center for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Investiagation Hospital, Department of Pulmonology.

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease = Archivio Monaldi Per Le Malattie Del Torace
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Summary

This case study details a 36-year-old female with a rare extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Surgical removal of the anomalous lung tissue successfully treated her chronic chest and back pain.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation.
  • It can present with vague symptoms like chest pain, often mimicking other conditions.
  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to complications.

Observation:

  • A 36-year-old female presented with a 5-year history of chest and back pain.
  • Initial chest X-ray revealed left lower lobe opacity.
  • CT scan identified a 9x7 cm necrotic mass with aberrant aortic vascular supply.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with extralobar pulmonary sequestration.
  • Surgical intervention involved mass excision of the anomalous tissue.
  • Histopathological confirmation established the diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses in patients with chronic, unexplained thoracic symptoms.
  • Early surgical management of pulmonary sequestration can resolve symptoms and prevent complications.
  • Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for accurate diagnosis and surgical planning.