Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:17

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

1.7K
Adrenergic antagonists, or sympatholytics, inhibit adrenoceptor activation driven by catecholamines or agonists. Based on their adrenoceptor specificity, adrenergic blockers can be categorized into two primary groups: α-adrenergic blockers (α-blockers) and β-adrenergic blockers (β-blockers). α-blockers interact with α1 and α2 subtypes of α-adrenoceptors.
Nonselective α-blockers: Nonselective α-blockers contain haloalkylamine or imidazoline...
1.7K
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

613
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
613
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

2.7K
Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase...
2.7K
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors01:20

Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors

1.6K
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
1.6K
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

1.4K
Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
1.4K
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:22

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

1.7K
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Iodine Accumulation and Biovolatilization by Filamentous Fungi and Their Effects on Extracellular Organic Acids.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Revisiting Age-Related Changes in Statistical Learning: The Importance of Longitudinal Evidence.

Cognitive science·2026
Same author

ΔSUVmax adds prognostic value to early response assessment during the first-line treatment of classical hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society·2025
Same author

The Lectin Pathway of the Complement System-Activation, Regulation, Disease Connections and Interplay with Other (Proteolytic) Systems.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

Review on Performance of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Penicillium</i> Species in Biodegradation of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticides.

Microorganisms·2023
Same author

Involvement of Bacterial and Fungal Extracellular Products in Transformation of Manganese-Bearing Minerals and Its Environmental Impact.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels
16:36

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels

Published on: May 18, 2009

14.0K

P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonists.

Hedvig Bölcskei1, Bence Farkas

  • 1Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, 10. POB 27, H-1475, Hungary.

Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst
|December 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonists, focusing on small molecules patented since 2001. It details their molecular properties, biological activity, and therapeutic potential for various conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Ligand-gated ion channels, particularly P2X receptors, are crucial drug targets.
  • P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor subtypes are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes.
  • Small molecules targeting these receptors offer therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular properties of P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors.
  • To provide an overview of patent applications for P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonists since 2001.
  • To discuss the chemical classes, therapeutic targets, and druglikeness of patented compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and patent databases.
  • Analysis of molecular properties and biological activity data.

More Related Videos

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

10.3K
Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time
08:33

Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time

Published on: March 11, 2021

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels
16:36

Proteomics to Identify Proteins Interacting with P2X2 Ligand-Gated Cation Channels

Published on: May 18, 2009

14.0K
Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells
11:47

Real-time Live-cell Flow Cytometry to Investigate Calcium Influx, Pore Formation, and Phagocytosis by P2X7 Receptors in Adult Neural Progenitor Cells

Published on: April 3, 2019

10.3K
Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time
08:33

Measuring Nucleotide Binding to Intact, Functional Membrane Proteins in Real Time

Published on: March 11, 2021

3.0K
  • Assessment of druglikeness predictions for patented compounds.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification and summary of key patent applications for P2X3/P2X2/3 antagonists.
    • Discussion of prevalent compound classes and claimed therapeutic indications.
    • Presentation of biological activity data and druglikeness assessments.

    Conclusions:

    • Small molecules targeting P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors represent a significant area of pharmaceutical research.
    • Patented antagonists show diverse molecular properties and potential therapeutic applications.
    • Further development is warranted to optimize these compounds for clinical use.