Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 4, 2026
06:46
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
2.6K
Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus: a call for personalized intervention
1Endocrinologist at the Sunnyside Medical Center in Clackamas, OR, and former Visiting Scientist at the Galil Center for Telemedicine, Medical Informatics and Personalized Medicine at RB Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
The Permanente Journal
|December 21, 2013
Summary
Obesity increases the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (DM2). Identifying individuals most likely to progress from prediabetes to DM2 is crucial for targeted interventions and personalized medicine approaches.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic health
- Epidemiology
- Personalized medicine
Background:
- Rising global obesity rates, particularly in younger populations, correlate with increased incidence of metabolic disorders.
- Prediabetes affects a significant portion of the adult population, but its progression to type 2 diabetes (DM2) varies, with some individuals reverting to normal glucose levels.
- The uncertain prognosis of prediabetes complicates the identification of individuals who would most benefit from interventions aimed at reducing DM2 risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review factors influencing the development of type 2 diabetes (DM2).
- To summarize evidence from treatment trials on preventing DM2.
- To advocate for the development of tools for precise individual DM2 risk estimation using big data and personalized medicine.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of factors contributing to DM2 development.
- Analysis of treatment trial data demonstrating DM2 prevention strategies.
- Conceptual framework for applying big data and personalized medicine to risk assessment.
Main Results:
- A significant increase in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (DM2) incidence and prevalence is observed globally, linked to rising obesity.
- A minority of individuals diagnosed with prediabetes progress to DM2, highlighting prognostic uncertainty.
- Existing interventions can reduce DM2 risk, but precise risk stratification is needed.
Conclusions:
- More precise tools are needed to estimate individual risk for type 2 diabetes (DM2) development.
- Personalized medicine and big data analytics offer promising approaches for improving risk prediction.
- Accurate risk assessment will enable more effective, targeted interventions for prediabetes management and DM2 prevention.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
17
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
17
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
4.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.9K
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
28
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
28
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
1.5K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.5K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.4K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.4K
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
17
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
17