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Nuclear Binding Energy02:13

Nuclear Binding Energy

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The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
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Bond energy is the energy required to break a bond homolytically. These values are usually expressed in units of kcal/mol or kJ/mol and are referred to as bond dissociation energies when given for specific bonds or average bond energies when indicated for a given type of bond over many compounds. Firstly, the bond dissociation energy for a single bond is weaker than that of a double bond, which in turn is weaker than that of a triple bond. Secondly, hydrogen forms relatively strong bonds with...
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Stable molecules exist because covalent bonds hold the atoms together. The strength of a covalent bond is measured by the energy required to break it, that is, the energy necessary to separate the bonded atoms. Separating any pair of bonded atoms requires energy — the stronger a bond, the greater the energy required to break it.
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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

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The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
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Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach
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Universal binding energy relation for cleaved and structurally relaxed surfaces.

Aarti Srirangarajan1, Aditi Datta, Appala Naidu Gandi

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|December 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A modified universal binding energy relation (UBER) accurately models relaxed surfaces. This new UBER functional form improves cohesive zone modeling for crack growth simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • The universal binding energy relation (UBER) is a model for atomic plane cohesion.
  • UBER's accuracy is limited when surfaces relax during cleavage.
  • Accurate modeling of relaxed surfaces is crucial for material property predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modified universal binding energy relation (UBER) for relaxed surfaces.
  • To ensure the modified UBER is analytical and accurately models relaxed surface properties.
  • To validate the modified UBER across various crystal systems using first-principles calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of the universal binding energy relation (UBER) functional form.
  • First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Analysis of surface relaxation effects on cohesive properties in crystal systems.

Main Results:

  • A modified UBER functional form was proposed and validated.
  • Relaxed surface energies conform to a single universal energy surface described by the modified UBER.
  • The modified UBER incorporates an additional length-scale parameter for structural relaxation.

Conclusions:

  • The modified UBER accurately describes cohesive properties of relaxed crystal surfaces.
  • This improved model enhances the simulation of cohesive zones in crack growth.
  • Relaxed surfaces exhibit significantly different cohesive laws with lower peak stresses at higher displacements.