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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

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Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
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Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become...
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: THP-1 Macrophage Response to LPS/ATP &#8212; Unveiling the Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Spectrum
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[Programmed cell death comes in many flavors].

Lauriane Cabon1, Ana-Carolina Martinez-Torres1, Santos A Susin1

  • 1Inserm U872, équipe 19 « mort cellulaire programmée et physiopathologie des cellules tumorales », Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne-Universités, UMRS 872, 15, rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|December 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death encompasses more than apoptosis, with various alternative pathways like necroptosis and pyroptosis playing crucial roles in eliminating unwanted cells. Understanding these diverse cell death mechanisms is vital for biological research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Apoptosis is widely recognized as programmed cell death.
  • Alternative programmed cell death pathways are increasingly described.

Purpose:

  • To review diverse programmed cell death subtypes beyond apoptosis.
  • To highlight the characteristics and significance of various cell death pathways.

Summary:

  • This review details multiple programmed cell death pathways, including anoikis, necroptosis, entosis, netosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis.
  • These pathways differ in characteristics and are utilized based on cell type, tissue origin, and developmental stage.
  • Programmed cell death is essential for removing damaged or dangerous cells in organisms.

Impact:

  • Expands understanding of cellular mechanisms of death.
  • Provides insights into the diverse biological roles of programmed cell death.
  • Contributes to the broader knowledge of cell biology and organismal health.