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SIRT1 gene expression upon genotoxic damage is regulated by APE1 through nCaRE-promoter elements
Giulia Antoniali1, Lisa Lirussi, Chiara D'Ambrosio
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II," 80134 Naples, Italy Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80134 Naples, Italy.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) binds to negative calcium responsive elements (nCaRE) in gene promoters. This protein complex regulates gene expression, particularly the SIRT1 gene, during oxidative stress responses.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is crucial for DNA repair and gene regulation.
- APE1 also binds to negative calcium responsive elements (nCaRE) in gene promoters, a function requiring further characterization.
- nCaRE sequences are conserved within ALU repeats, suggesting widespread regulatory potential.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify functional nCaRE sequences in the human genome regulated by APE1.
- To investigate the role of APE1 in the transcriptional regulation of the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) gene.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of APE1-mediated gene regulation during oxidative stress.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatic analysis to identify potential APE1 target genes.
- Focus on the human SIRT1 promoter, known to interact with APE1.
- Biochemical assays to characterize the APE1-binding complex at the SIRT1 promoter.
Main Results:
- Identified 57 genes potentially regulated by APE1 via nCaRE sequences.
- Demonstrated that APE1 binds to two nCaRE elements in the human SIRT1 promoter.
- Showed APE1 forms a complex with hOGG1, Ku70, and RNA Pol II at the SIRT1 promoter during oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- APE1's interaction with nCaRE sequences is a significant mechanism for transcriptional regulation in mammals.
- APE1 plays a key role in the early response to oxidative stress by regulating SIRT1 gene expression.
- This study reveals novel insights into APE1's multifaceted roles beyond DNA repair.
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