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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Published on: February 11, 2017

Minor Illnesses, Temperament, and Toddler Social Functioning.

Amy M Kolak¹, Tara J Frey¹, Chloe A Brown¹

¹Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Lynne Vernon-Feagans, School of Education, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Early Education and Development

|December 21, 2013

Summary

Frequent minor illnesses and negative emotionality in young children increase behavior problem risks. Temperament, like anger and fear, combined with illness frequency, impacts social functioning and externalizing behaviors.

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Area of Science:

Child Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Pediatric Health

Background:

Minor illnesses in children are linked to behavioral changes like irritability.
Maternal reports associate frequent childhood illness with behavior problems.
Previous research has not simultaneously examined illness experience and child temperament.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the combined effect of recurrent minor illnesses and negative emotionality on young children's social functioning.
To explore how children's temperament (anger, fear) interacts with illness frequency to predict social behavior.

Main Methods:

A multi-method study involving 110 daycare-attending children.
Weekly health screenings by nurses to track minor illness diagnoses.
Parental (mother and father) reports assessing toddlers' negative emotionality and social behavior.

Main Results:

Negative emotionality and minor illness experience predicted social behavior differently.
Anger (negative emotionality) additively predicted social behavior with minor illness experience.
Fearfulness (negative emotionality) interacted with minor illness experience to predict social behavior, particularly externalizing problems.

Conclusions:

Children with high anger and frequent minor illnesses showed lower social competence.
Temperamentally fearful children with frequent illnesses exhibited more externalizing problems.
Combined factors of frequent illness and negative emotionality place toddlers at risk for behavior problems.