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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

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Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

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Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
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Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

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The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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[Chronic rhinosinusitis and tissue remodeling].

Li Fang, Yucheng Yang

    Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
    |December 24, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chronic rhinosinusitis involves persistent nasal inflammation. Tissue remodeling, particularly involving transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), is key to its development and offers therapeutic targets.

    Area of Science:

    • Otorhinolaryngology
    • Head and Neck Surgery
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the nasal and paranasal mucosa.
    • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of CRS is crucial for effective management.

    Purpose:

    • This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the role of tissue remodeling in CRS.
    • It highlights the potential involvement of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in CRS pathogenesis.

    Summary:

    • Tissue remodeling is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in the development and progression of chronic rhinosinusitis.
    • Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) emerges as a pivotal mediator in these remodeling processes.

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    Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview for researchers investigating CRS.
    • Offers insights for improved diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis.