Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.3K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.3K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

6.2K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.2K
Vision01:24

Vision

48.6K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
48.6K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

6.4K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
6.4K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

8.6K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
8.6K
The Looking Glass Self01:28

The Looking Glass Self

668
The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical...
668

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Venous Sinus Stenting Outcomes in Patients with Papilledema from Secondary Causes of Elevated Intracranial Pressure.

Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)·2026
Same author

Updates in mycobacterial keratitis diagnosis and treatment.

Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological Society·2026
Same author

Acral lentiginous melanoma metastases to the vitreous masquerading as uveitis: A case report.

American journal of ophthalmology case reports·2026
Same author

Teaching NeuroImages: Topless Optic Disc or Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Refractory immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a multiorgan management review.

Expert opinion on drug safety·2026
Same author

Neuro-Ophthalmic Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Neurologic clinics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

12.2K

"My eyes are turned outside".

Nagham Al-Zubidi1, Patricia Chevez-Barrios2, Rod Foroozan3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|December 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can cause vision loss and double vision. A second temporal artery biopsy confirmed GCA, leading to complete resolution of symptoms with prednisone treatment.

Keywords:
diplopiaexotropiafourth nerve palsygiant cell arteritisophthalmoplegia

More Related Videos

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

3.2K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation
10:41

VisualEyes: A Modular Software System for Oculomotor Experimentation

Published on: March 25, 2011

12.2K
Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing
05:22

Iris Fixation via External Pentagram Suturing

Published on: May 5, 2022

3.2K
Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect cranial nerves and lead to vision loss.
  • Ophthalmoplegia, characterized by paralysis of eye muscles, can be a presenting symptom of GCA.

Observation:

  • A 78-year-old woman presented with progressive headache, vision changes, dizziness, and diplopia.
  • She exhibited significant exotropia and bilateral ophthalmoplegia.
  • An initial temporal artery biopsy was negative for GCA, but a second biopsy was positive.

Findings:

  • Giant cell arteritis was confirmed following a second temporal artery biopsy.
  • Treatment with prednisone resulted in the complete resolution of ophthalmoplegia.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering GCA in elderly patients with ophthalmoplegia, even with initial negative biopsies.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of GCA are crucial to prevent irreversible vision loss and neurological complications.
  • Serial biopsies may be necessary for definitive diagnosis of GCA.