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Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
Published on: July 29, 2014
Aggression and defeat-induced opioid analgesia displayed by mice are modified by calcium channel antagonists and
Abstract:
The effects of the calcium channel antagonists diltiazem, nifedipine and verapamil and the calcium channel agonist, BAY K 8644, on offensive and defensive aggression and defeat-induced opioid analgesia were examined in male mice in resident-intruder interactions. The calcium channel antagonists decreased and the agonist increased the aggressive behaviors displayed by the mice. In addition, the calcium channel antagonists augmented, while the agonist attenuated defeat-induced analgesia displayed by the intruder mice. These results suggest that calcium channel antagonists have inhibitory influences on aggressive behavior and may facilitate endogenous opioid activity.

