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Neuroticism and cortisol: pinning down an expected effect.

Gloria Garcia-Banda1, Karin Chellew2, Joana Fornes3

  • 1Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Majorca, Spain.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|December 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals high in Neuroticism (N) show higher cortisol levels, particularly in the 12 hours post-awakening. This study confirms a link between Neuroticism and cortisol secretion, distinct from the initial Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR).

Keywords:
CARDiurnal cycleNeuroticismPersonalitySalivary cortisol

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneuroendocrinology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • Theoretical links suggest higher Neuroticism (N) correlates with elevated cortisol (C), but empirical evidence is inconsistent.
  • Methodological limitations, particularly concerning cortisol's diurnal rhythm, likely explain inconsistent findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between Neuroticism and salivary cortisol levels.
  • To examine cortisol secretion patterns over a 2-day period, accounting for the diurnal cycle.
  • To differentiate the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) from later diurnal cortisol secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Salivary cortisol was measured in 118 students (mean age 20.99) over two days.
  • Objective verification of saliva sample timing ensured accurate assessment of cortisol's diurnal cycle.
  • Participants were categorized as high or low on Neuroticism.

Main Results:

  • Cortisol secretion was approximately 20% higher in high N than low N participants in the 12 hours post-awakening (p<.008).
  • No significant differences in cortisol levels were observed during the initial 0.75 hours post-awakening (CAR period).
  • Males exhibited higher cortisol secretion than females (p<.003), also confined to the 0.75h-12h period. No differences were found in CAR dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Careful control of methodological factors reveals a theoretically predicted association between Neuroticism and cortisol secretion.
  • Findings support the separation of the rapid Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) from the subsequent diurnal cortisol cycle.
  • The CAR and the later diurnal cycle may be regulated by distinct mechanisms and have different correlates.