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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Interference01:23

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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
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Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

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A nuclear perspective on RNAi pathways in metazoans.

Germano Cecere1, Alla Grishok1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|December 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

RNA interference (RNAi) pathways regulate gene expression beyond the cytoplasm. Short RNAs and Argonaute proteins are increasingly recognized for their roles in animal transcriptional silencing and genome regulation during development.

Keywords:
ArgonauteChromatinRNAiTranscriptional regulationendo-siRNAspiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is primarily known for post-transcriptional gene silencing.
  • Transcriptional silencing mechanisms mediated by RNAi are less understood, particularly in animals.
  • Evidence suggests short RNAs and Argonaute proteins influence nuclear processes in metazoans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of RNAi in transcriptional gene silencing in animals.
  • To highlight the impact of RNA silencing pathways on animal development.
  • To discuss the regulation of nuclear processes by short RNAs and Argonaute proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental evidence.
  • Analysis of studies on yeast and plant RNA silencing.
  • Examination of Argonaute protein and short RNA functions in metazoans.

Main Results:

  • PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) silence transposable elements, promoting heterochromatin and DNA methylation.
  • Argonaute proteins and short RNAs directly impact Pol II transcription and splicing of protein-coding genes.
  • These pathways influence overall genome architecture and transcriptional programs.

Conclusions:

  • RNAi pathways significantly impact transcriptional regulation during animal development.
  • Short RNAs and Argonaute proteins play crucial roles in nuclear processes and genome stability.
  • Further research into RNA-mediated transcriptional silencing in animals is warranted.