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Developmental pathways to autism: a review of prospective studies of infants at risk

Emily J H Jones1, Teodora Gliga1, Rachael Bedford2

  • 1Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|December 24, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Early identification of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in high-risk infants is possible by tracking behavioral and neurocognitive markers from birth. Understanding these developmental pathways is key for timely intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by social-communication impairments and repetitive behaviors.
  • ASD symptoms arise from gene-environment interactions, influenced by protective factors.
  • Early identification of developmental pathways is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review behavioral and neurocognitive markers for ASD in high-risk infants.
  • To discuss theoretical implications and future research directions.
  • To improve early identification and intervention for ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prospective studies on high-risk infants (those with an older sibling diagnosed with ASD).
  • Identification of behavioral and neurocognitive markers in the first years of life.
  • Analysis of developmental trajectories leading to ASD symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Identified a range of early behavioral and neurocognitive markers in high-risk infants.
  • Observed complex interactions between vulnerabilities, environment, and protective factors.
  • Highlighted the emergence of clinical symptoms through specific developmental pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Mapping ASD development from birth is critical for understanding underlying mechanisms.
  • A nuanced understanding of developmental pathways can improve early identification.
  • Enhanced understanding will lead to better intervention strategies for children with ASD.

Keywords:
ASDAutismCausal pathDevelopmental mechanismsHigh-riskInfant sibling

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