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Targeted surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters for mitochondrial imaging.

Qianfen Zhuang1, Hongying Jia2, Libo Du2

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel fluorescent probe, AuNCs@CS-TPP, for mitochondria imaging. This probe offers superior photostability and low cytotoxicity, enabling precise visualization of mitochondria in living cells.

Keywords:
ChitosanFluorescenceGold nanoclustersMitochondriaMitochondrial imagingTriphenylphosphonium

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria play a crucial role in cellular processes, including apoptosis and necrosis.
  • Conventional organic dyes for mitochondrial imaging suffer from poor photostability.
  • Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) offer excellent photostability and strong fluorescence emission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe with enhanced photostability and specificity.
  • To evaluate the probe's performance in labeling and imaging mitochondria in living cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of chitosan-coated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs@CS) covalently linked with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cations.
  • Characterization of the probe's fluorescence emission, quantum yield, and photostability.
  • Assessment of probe's cytotoxicity using cell viability assays.
  • In vitro fluorescence co-localization imaging to determine mitochondrial targeting specificity.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized probe, AuNCs@CS-TPP, exhibited bluish fluorescence emission at 440 nm with an 8.5% quantum yield.
  • The probe demonstrated excellent photostability, with minimal fluorescence decrease after prolonged irradiation.
  • Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant toxicity to cells even at high concentrations (60 μg mL(-1)).
  • Fluorescence co-localization imaging confirmed selective accumulation of the probe in the mitochondria of HeLa and HepG2 cells.

Conclusions:

  • AuNCs@CS-TPP is a highly photostable, low-cytotoxicity, and target-specific fluorescent probe for mitochondria.
  • The probe enables sensitive and accurate labeling and imaging of mitochondria in living cells.
  • This development offers a promising tool for studying mitochondrial functions and related cellular processes.