Exploring the use and effects of deliberate self-harm websites: an Internet-based study

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Internet Studies
• Public Health

Background:

• Rising rates of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in the UK coincide with increased online DSH content.
• The internet serves as a resource for individuals experiencing isolation due to their conditions.
• Evidence on the effects of DSH websites is limited and contradictory, necessitating further research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore user motivations for engaging with self-harm forums/websites.
• To understand users' beliefs about the role of these online platforms.
• To investigate how forum/website use influences self-harm behaviors and other life aspects.

Main Methods:

• A questionnaire was distributed via 20 self-harm content websites.
• Participants were self-selected users of these online platforms.
• Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Main Results:

• 329 responses were collected, predominantly from female users (91.8%).
• Most frequent users (65.6%) visited sites at least twice weekly, primarily for information (78.2%) and forum participation (68.4%).
• Reported positive effects included help, support, reduced isolation, and decreased self-harm behaviors; however, negative effects like worsened self-harm and triggering were also noted.

Conclusions:

• This multisite study is the first to deeply examine deliberate self-harm website use.
• While many users benefit from these sites, positive effects are not universal.
• Clinicians should consider the impact of a patient's engagement with DSH websites during consultations.