Systematic structure-property investigations on a series of alternating carbazole-thiophene oligomers

A series of alternating carbazole-thiophene oligomers, namely 2,7-linked carbazole-thiophene oligomers 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 and 3,6-linked ones 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, in which the molecular length was systematically elongated, were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. The effects of the conjugation connectivity between the carbazole and thiophene moieties and the molecular length on the electronic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of 1-10 were comprehensively investigated. In the present oligomer architectures, the connection with thiophene at the 2,7-positions of carbazole ensures π-conjugation to a high extent and high fluorescence quantum yields, while that at the 3,6-positions enhances the donor ability. The increase in the molecular length of the 2,7-linked oligomers effectively extends π-conjugation. The relationship between structural variations and photophysical properties was examined by fluorescence lifetime measurements in detail. The X-ray crystal structure of 6 was also disclosed.