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Hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy.
Raymond S Price1, Scott E Kasner1
1Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|December 25, 2013
Summary
Hypertension, defined as blood pressure over 140/90mmHg, is a common condition, especially in older adults. Managing hypertension effectively significantly reduces stroke risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Hypertension prevalence affects 25% of US adults, increasing with age.
- It is the primary risk factor for stroke, causing arterial damage.
- Current definitions evolve, with 140/90mmHg as the threshold.
Observation:
- Hypertension damages small arteries, leading to ischemic stroke or hemorrhage.
- Hypertensive emergency (BP > 180/120mmHg) involves end-organ dysfunction.
- Acute failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation causes hypertensive encephalopathy.
Findings:
- Blood pressure reduction via diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors lowers stroke incidence.
- Intravenous agents reduce BP by 25% within the first hour during hypertensive emergencies.
- New trials explore inhibiting cerebrovascular permeability for hypertensive emergencies.
Implications:
- Effective hypertension management is crucial for stroke prevention.
- Prompt treatment of hypertensive emergencies is vital to prevent severe outcomes.
- Emerging therapies may offer new avenues for treating hypertensive emergencies.
Keywords:
Cerebral infarctionHypertensioncerebral autoregulationcerebral hemorrhagehypertensive encephalopathyMore Related Videos
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