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Disorders of heavy metals.

France Woimant1, Jean-Marc Trocello1

  • 1French National Wilson's Disease Centre (CNR Wilson), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
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PubMed
Summary

This review covers neurologic diseases linked to copper and iron metabolism disorders, including inherited and acquired conditions. It also summarizes the toxic effects of heavy metals like cadmium and lead on the nervous system.

Keywords:
Heavy metalsMenkes diseaseNBIAPKANWilson diseaseaceruloplasminemiacopperironneuroferritinopathyoccipital horn syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Heavy metals and trace elements significantly impact nervous system physiology and pathology.
  • Disorders in copper and iron metabolism are implicated in various neurologic diseases.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for diagnosing and managing neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neurologic diseases associated with copper and iron metabolism disorders.
  • To summarize the toxic effects of specific heavy metals on the nervous system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of copper and iron metabolism disorders affecting the nervous system.
  • Categorization of inherited and acquired copper disorders.
  • Classification of iron brain disorders based on genetic and acquired causes.
  • Summary of heavy metal toxicity (cadmium, lead, aluminum, mercury, manganese) on neurologic function.

Main Results:

  • Copper disorders include inherited (Menkes disease, Wilson disease) and acquired conditions.
  • Iron disorders encompass genetic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), systemic iron accumulation, and acquired iron imbalances.
  • Key features of toxicity from cadmium, lead, aluminum, mercury, and manganese are outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic disorders of copper and iron are significant contributors to neurologic diseases.
  • Environmental exposure to heavy metals poses risks to nervous system health.
  • Further research into metal-related neurotoxicity and metabolic pathways is warranted.