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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

57.6K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions
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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions

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Kidney structures differentiated from stem cells.

Benjamin D Humphreys1

  • 1Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Room 534, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|December 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generating kidney cells from pluripotent stem cells is crucial for research. Recent studies efficiently created kidney cell types and structures by understanding key developmental signals.

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Guided Differentiation of Mature Kidney Podocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Chemically Defined Conditions
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A Simplified Method for Generating Kidney Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Generating differentiated kidney cell types from pluripotent stem cells is vital for research and therapies.
  • Previous progress in this area has been limited.
  • Understanding the signals that drive kidney development (nephrogenesis) is essential.

Discussion:

  • Recent advancements have enabled rapid and efficient generation of mature kidney cell types.
  • Three-dimensional nephron-like structures have been successfully created from pluripotent cells.
  • These breakthroughs highlight the importance of deciphering developmental signaling pathways.

Key Insights:

  • Pluripotent stem cells can be efficiently differentiated into various kidney cell types.
  • Complex, three-dimensional kidney structures resembling nephrons can be formed.
  • Precise knowledge of nephrogenesis signals is critical for successful differentiation.

Outlook:

  • These findings pave the way for novel research models of kidney disease.
  • The efficient generation of kidney cells holds therapeutic potential for kidney repair.
  • Further research into signaling pathways will refine these protocols for broader applications.