Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.1K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.1K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.5K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
47.5K
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

1.7K
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied...
1.7K
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

4.1K
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lead Lα<sub>1</sub> High Energy Resolution Fluorescence Detected X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Powerful Tool for Chemical Speciation of Lead.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Ligand-Based Redox Chemistry at the Mo-Containing Active Site of <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> Formate Dehydrogenase.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Arylsulfatase I is a novel lysosomal chondroitin endosulfatase regulating endochondral ossification.

Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·2026
Same author

XFM and HERFD-XAS studies of selenium in tissues and whole blood from mice supplemented with potentially therapeutic selenocompounds.

Redox report : communications in free radical research·2026
Same author

Harmonic X-ray Incident Energy Calibration for X-ray Spectroscopy at the K-Edges of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Chlorine.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

High energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) for studies of metals and metalloids in biology: current innovations and future perspectives.

Metallomics : integrated biometal science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2016

9.6K

Structural characterization of Cd²⁺ complexes in solution with DMSA and DMPS.

Elham Zeini Jahromi1, Jürgen Gailer1, Ingrid J Pickering2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
|December 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS) chelate cadmium (Cd2+). This study characterizes their complex structures, confirming their potential for cadmium chelation therapy.

Keywords:
CadmiumChelation therapy agentsX-ray absorption spectroscopy

More Related Videos

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

22.5K
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11:27

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: December 4, 2016

9.6K
Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
16:24

Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

Published on: August 2, 2012

22.5K
Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cadmium (Cd2+) exposure is a growing public health concern linked to diabetes.
  • Existing chelating agents like DMSA and DMPS are effective for lead and mercury but not yet identified for cadmium.
  • Therapeutic strategies to enhance cadmium excretion are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To structurally characterize complexes of DMSA and DMPS with Cd2+ at physiological pH.
  • To evaluate the chelation mechanisms of DMSA and DMPS for Cd2+.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy
  • Size exclusion chromatography
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations

Main Results:

  • Structural characterization reveals complex cadmium-DMSA and cadmium-DMPS chemistry.
  • Multi-metallic forms are significant in these complexes.
  • Both DMSA and DMPS function as true chelators, binding Cd2+ via specific functional groups (thiolates and carboxylates).

Conclusions:

  • DMSA and DMPS demonstrate potential as chelating agents for cadmium.
  • Understanding the complex structures provides a basis for developing effective cadmium chelation therapies.
  • Further research may lead to treatments for cadmium toxicity and related health risks.