Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Seedless Vascular Plants

Seedless Vascular Plants

Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Light on perenniality: Para-dormancy is based on ABA-GA antagonism and endo-dormancy on the shutdown of GA biosynthesis.

Plant, cell & environment·2023

Same author

Lipid Body Dynamics in Shoot Meristems: Production, Enlargement, and Putative Organellar Interactions and Plasmodesmal Targeting.

Frontiers in plant science·2021

Same author

OsRR6, a type-A response regulator in rice, mediates cytokinin, light and stress responses when over-expressed in Arabidopsis.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2021

Same author

Dual Role of Gibberellin in Perennial Shoot Branching: Inhibition and Activation.

Frontiers in plant science·2020

Same author

Plant Lipid Bodies Traffic on Actin to Plasmodesmata Motorized by Myosin XIs.

International journal of molecular sciences·2020

Same author

Strigolactone-Based Node-to-Bud Signaling May Restrain Shoot Branching in Hybrid Aspen.

Plant & cell physiology·2019

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Published on: March 29, 2019

The embryonic shoot: a lifeline through winter.

Christiaan van der Schoot¹, Laju K Paul, Päivi L H Rinne

¹Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|December 26, 2013

Summary

Seasonal dormancy in deciduous trees is crucial for survival. Understanding the signals and processes governing terminal bud development and winter dormancy is key to plant resilience.

Keywords:

CENTRORADIALIS-LIKE1 FLOWERING LOCUS T GH17 family proteins deciduous perennial dormancy cycle gibberellic acid lipid body poplar rib meristem shoot apical meristem terminal bud.

More Related Videos

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Published on: March 29, 2019

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Developmental Biology
Ecology

Background:

The vascular system is essential for plant growth, developing post-embryonically from the shoot apical meristem (SAM).
Deciduous trees in temperate and boreal climates must balance maximizing growth with surviving winter conditions.
Terminal buds contain embryonic shoots crucial for spring regrowth and seasonal cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on signals and processes regulating seasonal cycles in deciduous trees.
To explore the developmental transitions leading to and from winter dormancy.
To propose a new framework for understanding dormancy by considering the SAM and buds as unique shoot types.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on plant seasonal cycles, dormancy, and bud development.
Analysis of signals, signal conduits, and molecular processes involved in winter survival strategies.
Synthesis of information on developmental transitions in terminal buds.

Main Results:

Trees monitor photoperiod to initiate survival strategies, including growth cessation and dormancy.
Terminal bud formation and dormancy acquisition are critical for preventing frost damage.
The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this seasonal cycle remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

Understanding winter dormancy requires focusing on the SAM and the bud as specialized shoot structures.
Further research into the signals and genetic pathways governing dormancy is needed.
This perspective can enhance our comprehension of plant adaptation to seasonal changes.