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Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
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Nitric oxide and serotonin interactions in aggression.

Tracy A Bedrosian1, Randy J Nelson

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 636 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA, Bedrosian.2@osu.edu.

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|December 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serotonin and nitric oxide pathways are key to understanding aggression. Advanced neurobiological methods offer new insights into the brain mechanisms underlying violent behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Violence is a major global public health concern.
  • Neurobiological research investigates the brain's role in aggression.
  • Past research highlights serotonin and nitric oxide in aggression, primarily in rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss current developments in the neurobiology of aggression.
  • To examine the roles of serotonin and nitric oxide in aggressive behavior.
  • To consider future research directions using advanced techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurobiological research on aggression.
  • Analysis of the interaction between serotonin and nitric oxide systems.
  • Consideration of high-resolution methods for neurobiological analysis.

Main Results:

  • The serotonin system shows a strong association with aggression.
  • The nitric oxide system interacts significantly with serotonin pathways.
  • Modern techniques provide sophisticated insights into these relationships.

Conclusions:

  • Serotonin and nitric oxide are critical neurobiological factors in aggression.
  • Advanced neuroimaging and molecular techniques are enhancing our understanding.
  • Future research will focus on high-resolution analyses for novel insights.