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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

834
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
834
Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

420
Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

137
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
137
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

352
After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

308
Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer SALB Method
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Review of bilayer tablet technology.

Admassu Abebe1, Ilgaz Akseli2, Omar Sprockel1

  • 1Bristol-Myers and Squibb Company, Drug Product Science and Technology, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|December 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bilayer tablets offer advanced oral drug delivery, improving patient compliance and enabling combination therapies. Manufacturing these complex dosage forms requires careful control over formulation, compression, and equipment for optimal product quality.

Keywords:
Bilayer tablet manufacturingDelaminationInterfacial strengthLayered tabletsTablet compression

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Manufacturing Science

Background:

  • Oral delivery of bilayer (and multilayer) tablets is increasingly adopted for both branded and generic pharmaceutical products.
  • Factors driving this trend include advanced drug delivery strategies, enhanced patient compliance, and the facilitation of combination therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in bilayer tablet technology.
  • To highlight the benefits of bilayer oral dosage forms and discuss challenges and advancements in their manufacturing.
  • To offer a roadmap for bilayer tablet manufacturing, guiding formulation design, process parameter selection, and equipment choice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and industry practices in bilayer tablet manufacturing.
  • Discussion of critical manufacturing aspects: material properties, lubrication, layer sequencing, thickness and weight control, and compression forces.
  • Exploration of bilayer tablet characterization complexities, particularly at layer interfaces, and analysis of manufacturing equipment features and control strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key challenges in manufacturing complex bilayer tablet systems, from formulation to process control.
  • Description of various manufacturing equipment capabilities and control strategies specific to bilayer tablet production.
  • Presentation of essential considerations for material properties, layer interactions, and compression dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Successful manufacturing of advanced bilayer tablets necessitates meticulous attention to formulation, material science, and process engineering.
  • Technological advancements in tablet presses and control systems are crucial for overcoming manufacturing hurdles and ensuring high product quality.
  • A structured approach, including a manufacturing roadmap, is vital for optimizing the development and production of bilayer oral dosage forms.