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Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

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Published on: October 11, 2013

Antiviral activity of lambda interferon in chickens.

Antje Reuter¹, Sebastien Soubies, Sonja Härtle

¹Institute for Virology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Journal of Virology

|December 28, 2013

Summary

Chicken type III interferon (IFN-λ) effectively inhibits viral replication, particularly in epithelial cells, similar to mammals. However, constitutive expression proved detrimental to young chickens.

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Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Published on: March 19, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Genetics

Background:

Interferons (IFNs) are critical for vertebrate antiviral defense.
Type III IFN (IFN-λ) primarily acts on epithelial cells, protecting mucosal surfaces in mammals.
The role of IFN-λ in avian antiviral immunity remained largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the antiviral role and cell-specific activity of chicken IFN-λ (chIFN-λ).
To determine the function of chIFN-λ in avian mucosal immunity.
To identify the chicken IFN-λ receptor and its role in cell responsiveness.

Main Methods:

Production of recombinant chIFN-λ.
Generation of mosaic-transgenic chicken embryos constitutively expressing chIFN-λ using the RCAS vector system.
In ovo and in vivo antiviral assays with various virus strains, including influenza A.
Analysis of chIFN-λ-responsive gene induction (Mx gene) and receptor expression (chIL28RA) in different tissues.
Functional characterization of the chIFN-λ receptor by transfecting chicken fibroblasts.

Main Results:

Recombinant chIFN-λ significantly inhibited viral replication in various systems, including epithelium-rich tissues and cell cultures.
Chicken fibroblasts showed poor response to chIFN-λ, while epithelium-rich organs (lungs, trachea, intestines) strongly induced Mx gene expression.
High expression of the putative chIFN-λ receptor (chIL28RA) was observed in responsive organs.
Transfection with chIL28RA conferred chIFN-λ responsiveness to fibroblasts, confirming receptor-mediated specificity.
Constitutive chIFN-λ expression in mosaic-transgenic chickens led to early mortality post-hatching.

Conclusions:

Chicken type III IFN-λ plays a significant role in antiviral defense, particularly in epithelial tissues.
The chIFN-λ system shares fundamental similarities with mammalian type III IFN systems.
Receptor expression dictates cell type specificity for chIFN-λ action in chickens.
Constitutive chIFN-λ expression has detrimental effects, suggesting a need for tightly regulated activity.