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Oral histoplasmosis masquerading as oral cancer in HIV-infected patient: A case report

Shafiulla Mohammed1, Mahua Sinha1, Purushottam Chavan2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore 560029, India.

Medical Mycology Case Reports
|December 28, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Oral histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, is increasingly reported in India. This case highlights oral histoplasmosis in an HIV-positive individual, initially suspected as oral cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection endemic to the Midwestern United States and Central America, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum.
  • The prevalence of histoplasmosis in India remains poorly understood.
  • Oral histoplasmosis is increasingly diagnosed in India, often presenting with symptoms mimicking oral cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of culture-confirmed and sequence-confirmed oral histoplasmosis.
  • To highlight the occurrence of oral histoplasmosis in an immunocompromised individual in India.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical referral to a regional cancer center with suspected oral cancer.
  • Diagnostic confirmation through fungal culture and sequence analysis.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with oral histoplasmosis.
  • The diagnosis was confirmed via both culture and molecular sequencing.

Conclusions:

  • Oral histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in HIV-positive individuals in India.
  • Increased awareness and diagnostic confirmation are crucial for managing this emerging endemic mycosis in India.
Keywords:
HIVHistoplasma capsulatumOral cancerOral histoplasmosis

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