Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

219
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
219
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

1.2K
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
1.2K
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

24
Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
24
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

1.5K
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
1.5K
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

90
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
90
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

1.4K
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pulmonary Angiopathy in Severe COVID-19: Physiological Conclusions Derived from Ventilatory Ratio?

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2020
Same author

Biomarkers in the ICU: less is more? No.

Intensive care medicine·2020
Same author

Updated guidance on the management of COVID-19: from an American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society coordinated International Task Force (29 July 2020).

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2020
Same author

Reconsidering ventilator-associated pneumonia from a new dimension of the lung microbiome.

EBioMedicine·2020
Same author

Validation of a Prediction Score for Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Community-acquired Pneumonia.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society·2020
Same author

Aetiological diagnosis in new adult outpatients with bronchiectasis:role of predictors derived from real life experience.

Respiratory medicine·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

14.6K

Decrease in mortality in severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia: impact of improving antibiotic strategies

Simone Gattarello1, Bárbara Borgatta1, Jordi Solé-Violán2

  • 1Critical Care Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona.

Chest
|December 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early antibiotic treatment and combination therapy for severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) significantly improved survival in intensive care units (ICUs). These practices became more common between 2000 and 2013.

More Related Videos

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

17.4K
Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

14.6K
A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
09:17

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

Published on: January 2, 2017

17.4K
Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pneumococcal Infections

Background:

  • Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) poses a significant threat, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.
  • Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a leading cause of SCAP, necessitating effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare antibiotic prescribing patterns and ICU survival rates for pneumococcal SCAP patients.
  • To evaluate changes in treatment practices and their impact on mortality between 2000 and 2013.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study utilizing prospectively recorded data from two European cohorts (CAPUCI I and CAPUCI II).
  • Eighty SCAP patients (cases) were matched with 80 historical controls based on shock, mechanical ventilation, COPD, immunosuppression, and age.

Main Results:

  • Combined antibiotic therapy increased from 66.2% to 87.5%, and early antibiotic administration (within 3 hours) rose from 27.5% to 70.0%.
  • ICU mortality was significantly lower in patients receiving early and combined antibiotic therapies.
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed that early and combined antibiotic treatment reduced ICU mortality, while mechanical ventilation increased it.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic prescribing practices for pneumococcal SCAP evolved towards earlier and combined therapy use.
  • These enhanced antibiotic strategies were significantly associated with improved survival in the ICU.