Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

1.3K
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
1.3K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

41.0K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
41.0K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

1.5K
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
1.5K
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

11.5K
Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
11.5K
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

7.1K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
7.1K
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

3.9K
The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reevaluating the classification of pediatric speech sound disorders: a ground truthing perspective.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2025
Same author

The articulatory basis of phonological error patterns in childhood speech sound disorders.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2025
Same author

A Novel Candidate Neuromarker of Central Motor Dysfunction in Childhood Apraxia of Speech.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Effectiveness of the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Comorbidities When Delivered in a Dyadic and Group Format.

American journal of speech-language pathology·2024
Same author

Decoding kinematic information from beta-band motor rhythms of speech motor cortex: a methodological/analytic approach using concurrent speech movement tracking and magnetoencephalography.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2024
Same author

Enhancing Speech Rehabilitation in a Young Adult with Trisomy 21: Integrating Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with Rapid Syllable Transition Training for Apraxia of Speech.

Brain sciences·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

3.0K

Peripheral auditory tuning for vowels.

Aravind Kumar Namasivayam1, Duc James Le, Jennifer Hard

  • 1Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1V7, Canada , Toronto Rehabilitation Institute (TRI), Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2A2, Canada.

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speech-like sounds uniquely impact auditory efferent system activity. Vowel sounds, unlike tones, showed greater release from contralateral suppression in the cochlea during noise, indicating differential medial olivocochlear modulation.

More Related Videos

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.2K
Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
10:13

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

Published on: November 25, 2017

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 4, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
06:04

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

3.0K
A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents
09:23

A Low Cost Setup for Behavioral Audiometry in Rodents

Published on: October 16, 2012

12.2K
Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
10:13

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions

Published on: November 25, 2017

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Human Auditory System

Background:

  • The auditory efferent system, particularly medial olivocochlear (MOC) activity, plays a role in modulating cochlear responses.
  • Understanding how the brain influences peripheral auditory processing, especially during complex listening conditions, is crucial for auditory perception research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether speech-like stimuli elicit a unique response in the auditory efferent system.
  • To indirectly assess descending cortical influences on MOC activity by examining contralateral suppression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs).

Main Methods:

  • 35 healthy young adults participated in the study.
  • Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured under four conditions: baseline, noise baseline, vowel discrimination-in-noise (VDN), and tone discrimination-in-noise (TDN).
  • Contralateral suppression effects on DPOAEs were analyzed to infer MOC activity modulation.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant release from suppression was observed for DPOAEs at 1, 1.5, and 2 kHz exclusively during the VDN task (p < 0.05).
  • The VDN task resulted in a greater release from suppression compared to the TDN task.
  • These findings suggest differential modulation of MOC activity based on stimulus type (vowel vs. tone) during active listening in noise.

Conclusions:

  • The auditory efferent system's MOC activity is differentially modulated by stimulus type during active listening in noise.
  • Vowels may elicit a greater cochlear release from suppression than frequency, intensity, and duration-matched tones when background noise is present.
  • This suggests a specialized neural processing for speech-like sounds within the auditory efferent pathway.