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Information processing speed in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review.
R Kilpinen1, T Saunamäki, M Jehkonen
1Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|December 31, 2013
Summary
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) often have slower information processing speed. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment offers marginal improvements, and deficits may persist.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sleep Medicine
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is linked to various health issues.
- Cognitive impairments, particularly in information processing speed, are reported in OSAS patients.
- The impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on cognitive function requires further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review studies on information processing speed in OSAS patients compared to controls.
- To determine if CPAP treatment effectively improves information processing speed in OSAS.
- To identify specific cognitive domains affected by OSAS.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of studies from Medline and PsycINFO (January 1990-December 2011).
- Inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to 159 abstracts and 44 full-text articles.
- Analysis of studies with patient samples ranging from 10 to 157, predominantly male.
Main Results:
- Half of the studies indicated reduced information processing speed in OSAS patients versus healthy controls.
- Reduced processing speed was more frequently observed (75%) when compared to norm-referenced data.
- Psychomotor speed appeared particularly affected; CPAP showed marginal improvements, often less than placebo.
Conclusions:
- OSAS patients exhibit reduced information processing speed, which may persist even with CPAP treatment.
- Information processing speed is crucial for assessing overall cognitive functioning in OSAS.
- Understanding processing speed deficits helps differentiate between lower-level and higher-level cognitive impairments in OSAS.
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