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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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TRP channels in the skin.

Balázs I Tóth1, Attila Oláh, Attila Gábor Szöllősi

  • 1Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary.

British Journal of Pharmacology
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are key sensors in skin cells, regulating barrier function, growth, and immunity. Targeting these TRP channels offers new therapeutic avenues for skin diseases.

Keywords:
atopic dermatitisbarrierdifferentiationinflammationskintransient receptor potential (TRP) channels

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Area of Science:

  • Cutaneous biology
  • Ion channel function
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels function as polymodal cellular sensors.
  • TRP channels are expressed in various non-neuronal cell types, including skin cells.
  • They play critical roles in regulating skin functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of cutaneous TRP channels in skin biology.
  • To highlight TRP channel involvement in skin barrier, cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune functions.
  • To explore the connection between TRP channels and skin diseases, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on TRP channels in the skin.
  • Analysis of research on TRP channel functions in keratinocytes, immune cells, and other skin-resident cells.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking TRP channels to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Cutaneous TRP channels are integral to maintaining skin barrier integrity.
  • These channels modulate skin cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune responses.
  • Dysregulation of specific TRP channels is implicated in the development of various skin disorders.

Conclusions:

  • TRP channels are crucial regulators of diverse skin functions.
  • Understanding TRP channel roles provides insights into skin disease mechanisms.
  • TRP channel-targeted therapies represent a promising future direction for dermatology.