Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 4, 2026

Intra-Cardiac Injection of Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Create a Bone Metastasis Xenograft Mouse Model
06:32

Intra-Cardiac Injection of Human Prostate Cancer Cells to Create a Bone Metastasis Xenograft Mouse Model

Published on: November 4, 2022

6.1K

GI-4000 in KRAS mutant cancers

Safi Shahda1, Bert O'Neil

  • 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine , 535 Barnhill Dr RT 473, Indianapolis, IN 46202 , USA shahdas@iu.edu.

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
|December 31, 2013
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Novel cancer vaccines targeting KRAS mutations show early promise. While challenges remain, these new approaches, including tarmogens, are safe and effective in some patients, necessitating further research for biomarker identification.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Cancer Genetics

Background:

  • Cancer arises from mutations in cell growth regulatory genes, with RAS being frequently altered.
  • Targeting RAS signaling has limitations due to therapeutic resistance.
  • Harnessing the immune system against mutated proteins offers an alternative therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on KRAS vaccine therapy.
  • To explore novel approaches for overcoming immune tolerance in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of KRAS vaccine therapy.
  • Inclusion of studies identified from PubMed and national oncology meeting presentations.
  • Focus on KRAS vaccines, including the GI-4000 series.

Main Results:

  • KRAS targeting presents therapeutic challenges.
  • Novel vaccine strategies, such as tarmogens, demonstrate safety.
  • Early efficacy observed in a subset of patients with KRAS mutations.

Conclusions:

  • Tarmogen vaccines are a promising avenue for KRAS-mutated cancers.
  • Identifying patient subsets and developing biomarkers are critical for optimizing vaccine therapy.
  • Further research is essential to advance KRAS vaccine development.

More Related Videos

Dual Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis10:56

Dual Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis

Published on: August 1, 2019

8.0K
Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts07:52

Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for In Vivo Imaging of Glioblastoma Xenografts

Published on: April 26, 2018

8.6K

Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
5.7K
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
14.8K
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
4.7K